![]() ![]() Around 100,000 to 200,000 Armenian women and children were forcibly converted to Islam and integrated into Muslim households. In 1916, another wave of massacres was ordered, leaving about 200,000 deportees alive by the end of the year. In the Syrian Desert, the survivors were dispersed into concentration camps. Driven forward by paramilitary escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to robbery, rape, and massacres. At the orders of Talaat Pasha, an estimated 800,000 to 1.2 million Armenians were sent on death marches to the Syrian Desert in 19. On 24 April 1915, the Ottoman authorities arrested and deported hundreds of Armenian intellectuals and leaders from Constantinople. Mass deportation was intended to permanently forestall the possibility of Armenian autonomy or independence. Ottoman leaders took isolated indications of Armenian resistance as evidence of a widespread rebellion, though no such rebellion existed. During their invasion of Russian and Persian territory in 1914, Ottoman paramilitaries massacred local Armenians. The Ottoman Empire suffered a series of military defeats and territorial losses-especially the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars-leading to fear among CUP leaders that the Armenians, whose homeland in the eastern provinces was viewed as the heartland of the Turkish nation, would seek independence. Large-scale massacres of Armenians occurred in the 1890s and 1909. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through the mass murder of around one million Armenians during death marches to the Syrian Desert and the forced Islamization of Armenian women and children.īefore World War I, Armenians occupied a protected, but subordinate, place in Ottoman society. The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Genocide, death march, forced Islamization
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